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Main article: The area now known as the DRC was populated as early as 90,000 years ago, as shown by the 1988 discovery of the at, one of the oldest barbed harpoons ever found, believed to have been used to catch. Some historians believe began settling in the extreme northwest of Central Africa at the beginning of the 5th century and then gradually started to expand southward. Their propagation was accelerated by the transition from to techniques. The people living in the south and southwest were mostly and groups, whose technology involved only minimal use of metal technologies. The development of metal tools during this time period revolutionized agriculture and. This led to the displacement of the groups in the east and southeast. The 10th century marked the in West-Central Africa.

Rising populations soon made possible intricate local, regional and foreign commercial networks that traded mostly in salt, iron and copper. Ibm Via Voice 9 Português Download. Congo Free State (1877–1908) [ ]. View of Station and Port in 1884. And administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s.

It was first led by, who undertook his explorations under the sponsorship of. The eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant, mainly from Arab–Swahili such as the infamous, who was well known to Stanley. Leopold had designs on what was to become the Congo as a colony.

In a succession of negotiations, Leopold, professing humanitarian objectives in his capacity as chairman of the, actually played one European rival against another. [ ] Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the in 1885 and made the land his private property. He named it the Congo Free State. Leopold's regime began various infrastructure projects, such as construction of the of Leopoldville (now Kinshasa), which took eight years to complete. Nearly all such infrastructure projects were aimed at making it easier to increase the assets which Leopold and his associates could extract from the colony. In the Free State, colonists brutalized the local population into producing, for which the spread of automobiles and development of rubber tires created a growing international market.

Rubber sales made a fortune for Leopold, who built several buildings in and to honor himself and his country. To enforce the rubber quotas, the army, the, was called in and made the practice of cutting off the limbs of the natives a matter of policy. During the period of 1885–1908, millions of Congolese died as a consequence of exploitation and disease. In some areas the population declined dramatically – it has been estimated that and killed nearly half the population in the areas surrounding the lower. A government commission later concluded that the population of the Congo had been 'reduced by half' during this period, but determining precisely how many people died is impossible, as no accurate records exist. [ ] Belgian Congo (1908–60) [ ].